A branch of robotics focused on coordinating large numbers (swarms) of relatively simple, cheap, and identical robots to collectively accomplish complex tasks through local interactions and self-organization. Inspired by insect colonies, there's no central brain giving orders; each robot follows basic rules (e.g., "stay close to neighbors," "avoid obstacles," "move toward the goal"), and intelligent group behavior—like search patterns, construction, or mapping—emerges from the chaos. The strength is in redundancy and adaptability; lose a few robots, and the swarm carries on.
Example: A thousand penny-sized Swarm Robotics drones released into a collapsed building to form a distributed sensor network, locating survivors by heat and sound, and painting a real-time map for rescuers. Or, a cloud of micro-robots in space assembling a large solar array by magnetically latching together like intelligent LEGO bricks.
by Abzugal Nammugal Enkigal February 3, 2026
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