Synthesis of Rare Earths and Related Materials

The specific challenge of creating the 17 elements known as rare earths—along with their alloys and compounds—from more common materials. Rare earths aren't actually rare in the earth's crust; they're just rarely concentrated enough to mine economically. They're also essential for everything from smartphones to electric vehicles to missile guidance systems. Synthesizing them would end dependence on the few countries that control their mining and processing, potentially reshaping global power dynamics. The science is difficult because rare earths are chemically similar and hard to separate, but progress is being made. The dream is a world where rare earths are as common and cheap as aluminum, and no nation can hold the world hostage by controlling their supply.

Synthesis of Rare Earths and Related Materials Example: "The startup promised to synthesize rare earths from coal waste, freeing the West from dependence on foreign suppliers. Investors poured money in. The process worked—in the lab, at small scale, with pure inputs. Scaling up to industrial production with real-world waste proved harder. Years later, they were still scaling. Rare earths remained rare, just slightly less so."

by Dumu The Void February 16, 2026

Flat Earth Analogy Fallacy

The logical fallacy of comparing any position one disagrees with to flat Earth beliefs, implying that because flat Earth is ridiculous, the position in question is equally ridiculous. The fallacy works by guilt by association: if you believe X, you're as crazy as a flat Earther, therefore X is false. It's a rhetorical shortcut that avoids engagement with actual arguments, substituting mockery for reasoning. The flat Earth analogy fallacy is especially common in online debates, where "next you'll tell me the Earth is flat" serves as a conversation-ender, allowing the speaker to dismiss complex positions without addressing them. The fallacy ignores that positions must be evaluated on their merits, not on their resemblance to the most extreme beliefs imaginable.

Flat Earth Analogy Fallacy Example: "She raised concerns about vaccine distribution equity. He responded with the flat Earth analogy fallacy: 'Oh sure, and I suppose the Earth is flat too?' Her concerns about global health inequality had nothing to do with flat Earth beliefs, but the analogy dismissed them without engagement. The conversation ended; the fallacy won."

by Abzugal Nammugal Enkigal February 16, 2026

Flat Earth Equivalence Fallacy

The stronger fallacy of claiming that two positions are equivalent because both challenge some form of consensus, ignoring vast differences in evidence, reasoning, and scientific support. The flat Earth equivalence fallacy asserts that believing in climate change is like believing the Earth is flat because both "go against the mainstream," or that questioning vaccine safety is like questioning gravity because both involve skepticism. The fallacy ignores that skepticism is not a binary; it's a matter of evidence. Some consensus views are supported by overwhelming evidence; others are not. Equating them based on the formal similarity of "questioning consensus" is intellectually lazy and rhetorically manipulative. The equivalence fallacy is beloved of false balance journalism and concern trolling.

Flat Earth Equivalence Fallacy Example: "The pundit committed the flat Earth equivalence fallacy, saying that climate scientists were like flat Earthers because both were 'certain' about their views. The equivalence ignored that one certainty was backed by decades of research and global consensus, the other by YouTube videos and wishful thinking. False equivalence had replaced honest comparison."

by Abzugal Nammugal Enkigal February 16, 2026